Turn poachers into farmers through access to markets: assist poor farmers in return for "conservation farming"- no poaching, no burning/clearing and good soil management
Dale Lewis
Dale Lewis started out as an elephant researcher in Zambia and segued naturally into conservation. When traditional conservation strategies didn’t work, he and his Zambian team took a radical new approach: starting a business to provide good markets for farmers willing to quit poaching.
Hungry, poor farmers cannot be good neighbors to wildlife when they must snare and poach to get by. By giving them a little bit of farming help and marketing their crops, you can make poaching obsolete.
Millions of rural farmers across much of Africa live far from markets and are forced to scratch out a bare subsistence living. Desperate for income, farmers often fall prey to markets that concentrate wealth in urban centers, suck up resources, and degrade their land. Dale and his team had seen the failures of both conventional rural development and traditional conservation. They came up with Community Markets for Conservation (COMACO) to help isolated subsistence farmers and beleaguered wildlife at the same time. COMACO currently works with 10,000 farmers who give up poaching and burning by providing key inputs, a little training, and a market for their crops. COMACO then processes the crops into value-added products sold on supermarket shelves under the “it’s Wild” brand. They return the profits in the form of premium prices to “conservation farmers” who take good care of land and wildlife. By using a successful conservation and agriculture intervention, COMACO saves thousands of wild animals every year. With the enthusiastic support of the Zambian wildlife authority, COMACO is extending the program to new parks and wildlife zones and perhaps into the Congo.
How it Works
Mobilize farmers into producer groups, using lead farmers to introduce improved farming skills
Regional hub buys commodities from farmers through local trading depots and processes them into value-added products
"Conservation farmers" who give up poaching and burning earn an added premium value for each kg sold
COMACO's business arm drives national and regional sales of It's Wild! products
A group member who violates conservation pledges will cause entire group to loose entitlements to premium prices
As COMACO diversifies products, groups also diversify to specialize in both on and off-farm commodities, like honey.
Regional hubs replicate as franchises and pay service fees to head office
Progress so Far
STAGE
National scale-up – establishing Comaco in new regions within Zambia
DELIVERY SO FAR
Operations launched in Zambia in 2004
10,000 currently selling commodities to Comaco
20,000 farming families registered as Comaco producer group members, ~65% meet compliance with conservation farming standards
49,000 snares and 1560 firearms surrendered by group members
4 regional processing hubs established and 28 community trading depots
11 It’s Wild! products developed since 2005 and marketed in all major chain stores and retail outlets
Growth in product sales grew by over 300% for the 2008-2009 fiscal year
Measuring Impact
IMPACT INDICATORS
Increased wildlife numbers and ground cover
Increase in farm income
IMPACT MEASUREMENT
Wildlife: Established sampling methods, Comaco areas compared with matched control areas
Incomes: Comaco buys farmers’ crops, no other markets available to farmers
IMPACT SO FAR (Aug '09)
Annual income up by average of ~$100 per farming family trading through Comaco in 2008
Populations of wildlife species selected for monitoring pre and post COMACO show statistical increases:
- Hartbeest shows increase from 13 to 283
- Low density large bodied species (waterbuck, eland, roan, hartebeest and kudu) increased from 325 to 694
Bang for the Buck
SOCIAL RETURN ON INVESTMENT (SROI)
Calculated as 1) cost per hectare of good habitat protected, or
Calculated as 2) additional 3-year family income per donor dollar
SROI CALCULATION
1) Total donor subsidy divided by the number of hectares in successful protection
2) The average 3 year additional family income dived by the average donor subsidy per family
SROI SO FAR
1) Conservation: $1 donor dollar = 1.3 hectares of good habitat protected
2) Agriculture: $1 donor dollar = $1 in new family income in 2009 (3 year data pending)
Both impacts come from the same dollar
How it will Scale
HIGH IMPACT impressive impacts in both conservation and income to date
COST-EFFECTIVE both the agricultural and conservation interventions are cost-effective compared to other efforts in their respective sectors – and represent dual returns on the same dollar
SUSTAINED BEHAVIOR positive behaviors are maintained by the profit motive, backed by effective field monitoring
REPLICABLE while complex, the business, agriculture extension, and conservation components are systematic and would adapt to a range of settings
PATH TO SCALE conservation NGO’s are eager for a replicable success and governments see it in their interests to support ventures like COMACO